Lymphatic System

here’s Biology Form 5 chapter 1 Transport 🙂  anything problem you could comment me 🙂

FORMATION OF THE INTERSTITIAL FLUID

• When blood flows from the arteries into the capillaries, there is higher hydrostatic pressure at the arterial end of the capillaries.
• Some fluid forces out due to the high pressure through capillaries wall into the intercellular spaces.
• When the fluid out, the fluid called interstitial fluid or tissue fluid.
• This fluid is similar to blood plasma but it does not have erythrocytes , platelets and large protein molecules.

IMPORTANCE OF THE INTERSTITIAL FLUID

• It bathes the cells
• Supply the cells requirements
• Oxygen & nutrients diffuse from blood through the interstitial fluid and cells
• Excretory products such as carbon dioxide and urea diffuse out
• The internal environment is kept within the range by homeostatic processes.

FATE OF THE INTERSTITIAL FLUID

• 90% of the fluid flows back to the venous where the hydrostatic pressure is low.
• 10% enters the lymphatic capillaries and called lymph
• If the excess fluid unable to return back to the blood capillaries, it will cause tissue swelling and this condition called oedema.

STRUCTURE OF THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

• Lymph is the colourless fluid in the lymphatic vessel.
• it contain a higher number of lymphocytes than blood.
• it also travel through the lymphatic vessels by the contraction of the surrounding skeletal muscle.
• Flows in one direction, one end of the vessel is closed and back flow is prevented by valves present in the larger vessel.
• the center for lymphatic system named thoracic duct ; the largest lymphatic vessel in the body
• it carries lymph to the left subclavian  vein back to the bloodstream
• the right lymphatic duct transport lymph from the right side of the head and chest into the right subclavian vein.
• Lymph node mainly found at the neck, armpits and groin.

ROLE OF THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

• Collect interstitial fluid and returns it to the circulatory system.
• Lacteal; lymphatic capillaries in the villi of the ileum absorbs fats and fat-soluble vitamins hence transport them to the blood circulatory system
• Lymph nodes filter out bacteria & other foreign particles
• Lymphocytes produce antibodies which aid in the destruction of pathogens and neutralization of toxin

lymphatic system

 formation of interstitial fluid and lymph